![]() Many of them come from American and British newspapers, magazines, and books. My books have ranged over various types of writing: monographs, reference works (including co-authorship of the standard reference grammar of English), textbooks, and books addressed to the general public. I have been in English language research for over thirty years, and have directed a research unit (the Survey of English Usage) for the last twelve years. My university teaching has encompassed a British university, universities in the United States, and a university in a country where English is a foreign language. I have taught English language in a range of institutions and to different age-groups: at primary schools, at a secondary (grammar) school, at a college of further education, and at universities. ![]() In writing this book, I have drawn on my many years of experience in teaching, research, and writing. The Glossary at the end of the book will provide you with succinct explanations of terms that are frequently used in the book. You may wish to read through a whole chapter or to consult particular sections. Each chapter is prefaced by a list of contents and a summary of the chapter. It serves as a reference work and can also be used as a textbook. It is written to be accessible to non-specialists, but students of the English language and related subjects will also find it of interest and value. This work is unique in its coverage for native speakers of the language. It offers a description of the language and is not intended to prescribe or proscribe. It is a comprehensive account of present-day English that is chiefly focused on the standard varieties of American and British English, but it also refers frequently to non-standard varieties and it draws on the history of the language to illuminate and explain features of English of today. Preface This book is addressed primarily to native speakers of English and others who use English as their first language. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 0-19-861250-8 10 9 8 7 Printed in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. ![]() It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Oar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Sidney Greenbaum 1996 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published by Oxford University Press 1996 All rights reserved. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Written in a readable and absorbing style, The Oxford English Grammar is an essential reference for English speakers around the world. A full index is provided, and examples of usage are drawn from a wide range of sources, including use of the new international Corpus of English at University College London. The central section of the book is a presentation of current English grammar at sentence, clause, phrase, and word level with the last chapters covering grammar in relation to discourse, word-formation, lexis, pronunciation and intonation, punctuation, and spelling. ![]() This is followed by an account of the development of grammar, and a review of modern approaches to this complex subject. Opening with an outline of national, regional, and social variation in English, the book details descriptive and prescriptive approaches and attitudes to English among both native and non-native speakers. ![]() Written by one of the world's leading grammarians, The Oxford English Grammar is an authoritative review of and topic reference for English grammar. ![]()
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